
A bank is a government-licensed financial institution, whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money at differing maturities.
It is an institution for receiving, keeping, and lending money at interest.
In order to make profits, modern banks generally "borrow short and lend long" (i.e. take money from depositors and lend that money for longer-term projects)
Many other financial activities were added over time. For example banks are important players in financial markets and offer financial services such as investment funds.
In some countries such as Germany, banks are the primary owners of industrial corporations while in other countries such as the United States banks are prohibited from owning non-financial companies.
In Japan, banks are usually the nexus of a cross-share holding entity known as the zaibatsu.
In France, bancassurance is prevalent, as most banks offer insurance services (and now real estate services) to their clients.
The level of government regulation of the banking industry varies widely, with counties such as Iceland, the United Kingdom and the United States having relatively light regulation of the banking sector, and countries such as China having relatively heavier regulation (including stricter regulations regarding the level of reserves).
The Indian banking system consists of 18 public sector banks, 22 private sector banks, 46 foreign banks, 53 regional rural banks, 1,542 urban cooperative banks and 94,384 rural cooperative banks as of September 2019. During FY07–19, deposits grew at a CAGR of 11.11 per cent and reached US$ 1.86 trillion by FY19 ( According to https://www.ibef.org/industry/banking-india.aspx )
Types of banks
Banks' activities can be divided into retail banking, dealing directly with individuals and small businesses; business banking, providing services to mid-market business; corporate banking, directed at large business entities; private banking, providing wealth management services to high net worth individuals and families; and investment banking, relating to activities on the financial markets. Most banks are profit-making, private enterprises. However, some are owned by government, or are non-profit organizations.
Central banks are normally government-owned and charged with quasi-regulatory responsibilities, such as supervising commercial banks, or controlling the cash interest rate. They generally provide liquidity to the banking system and act as the lender of last resort in event of a crisis.
Commercial Bank: The term used for a normal bank to distinguish it from an investment bank. After the Great Depression, the U.S. Congress required that banks only engage in banking activities, whereas investment banks were limited to capital market activities. Since the two no longer have to be under separate ownership, some use the term "commercial bank" to refer to a bank or a division of a bank that mostly deals with deposits and loans from corporations or large businesses.
Community Banks: Locally operated financial institutions that empower employees to make local decisions to serve their customers and the partners.
Community Development Banks: Regulated banks that provide financial services and credit to under-served markets or populations.
Postal Savings Banks: Savings banks associated with national postal systems.
Private Banks: Banks that manage the assets of high net worth individuals.
Offshore Banks: Banks located in jurisdictions with low taxation and regulation. Many offshore banks are essentially private banks.
Savings Banks: In Europe, savings banks take their roots in the 19th or sometimes even 18th century. Their original objective was to provide easily accessible savings products to all strata of the population. In some countries, savings banks were created on public initiative; in others, socially committed individuals created foundations to put in place the necessary infrastructure. Nowadays, European savings banks have kept their focus on retail banking: payments, savings products, credits and insurances for individuals or small and medium-sized enterprises. Apart from this retail focus, they also differ from commercial banks by their broadly decentralized distribution network, providing local and regional outreach—and by their socially responsible approach to business and society.
Building Societies and Landesbanks: Institutions that conduct retail banking.
Ethical Banks: Banks that prioritize the transparency of all operations and make only what they consider to be socially-responsible investments.
Investment banks "underwrite" (guarantee the sale of) stock and bond issues, trade for their own accounts, make markets, and advise corporations on capital market activities such as mergers and acquisitions.
Merchant banks were traditionally banks which engaged in trade finance. The modern definition, however, refers to banks which provide capital to firms in the form of shares rather than loans. Unlike venture capital firms, they tend not to invest in new companies.
Universal banks, more commonly known as financial services companies, engage in several of these activities. For example, Citigroup is a large American bank involved in commercial and retail lending, with subsidiaries in tax havens offering offshore banking services to customers in other countries. Other large financial institutions are similarly diversified and engage in multiple activities. In Europe and Asia, big banks are very diversified groups that, among other services, also distribute insurance—hence the term bancassurance, a portmanteau word combining "banque or bank" and "assurance", signifying that both banking and insurance are provided by the same corporate entity.
Industry: Banking
Retail/Personal BankingCust. Service Exec.Cust. Service ManagerCollections OfficerCollections ManagerCRM/Phone/Internet Banking ExecutiveSales OfficerCredit OfficerBranch ManagerRegional ManagerNational HeadAsset Operations/ Documentation Exec./MgrDomestic Private Banking Exec./MgrProduct Manager-Auto/Home loans
Card ProductsCards-Sales Officer/Exec.Cards Operations Exec./MgrCollections exec.Card Approvals OfficerMerchant Acquisition Exec.Business ManagerTreasuryMoney Markets DealerForex DealerForex Operations ManagerSales/BD Manager-ForexSales/BD Manager-DerivativesSenior Management(Financial Service)
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